Before I began my studies, I would hear about Talmud and Tanakh, and could never remember which was the Bible and which was ”that other Jewish book.”

Tanakh

The Jewish Bible (Tanakh) is comprised of the same books as the Christian Old Testament; the books are arranged in a different order.  Tanakh is actually an acronym:

T = Torah (Law)

N = Nevi’im (Prophets)

K = Ketuvim (Writings)

Talmud

The Talmud (i.e. doctrine, from the Hebrew word “to learn”) is a large collection of writings, containing a full account of the civil and religious laws of the Jews.  You can think of it as “case law.” The Pharisees, whom most of the common people of New Testament times followed, believed that, by the side of the written law, regarded as a summary of the principles and general laws of the Hebrews, there was an Oral Law, to complete and explain the written law; God gave Moses all explanations necessary for every law’s application, with the order to transmit this by word of mouth. The Mishna says: “Moses received the (oral) law from Sinai, and delivered it to Joshua, and Joshua to the elders, and the elders to the prophets, and the prophets to the men of the Great Synagogue.” This Oral Law, with numerous commentaries upon it, forms the Talmud. It consists of two parts, the Mishna and Gemara.

1. The Mishna, or “second law,” contains a collection of the whole ritual law. Viewed as a whole, the Mishna formalizes and defines the minutest particulars of ritual observances.
2. The commentaries to the Mishna are called Gemara (supplement, completion), which form the second part of the Talmud. There are two Gemaras; one of Jerusalem, and the other of Babylon. Generally, when you hear someone speak of the Talmud, they are speaking of the Babylonian version.

References:

• https://www.biblestudytools.com/dictionary/talmud/